INDIA RESURGENT - Arun Shourie

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INDIA RESURGENT
By Arun Shourie
Twenty to twenty-five years ago, even 10 years ago, few of us had heard of
Information Technology. Today, exports from this industry are worth $10 billion
— that is, over Rs 45,000 crore a year. That figure is 20 per cent of our total
exports. In spite of the fact that each of the markets to which we supply IT
software and solutions has been in the trough of recession for years, IT
exports have grown by 26 per cent this year. Infosys had not even been born 25
years ago. Wipro was a company selling vegetable oil. Indeed, other than the
``Tata'' in Tata Consultancy Services, there is scarcely a name in the IT
industry that was known then. And guess what the average age is in the
industry? Just 26
and a half! These 26/27-year-olds have changed the world's perception of India.
It's not just a country of snake charmers; it's a country against which
protectionist walls have to be erected. Of course, we can also charm snakes.
And not just, to pluck a phrase of Malcolm Muggeridge snakes in snakes'
clothing!
And these 26-year-olds are changing India's perception also of itself: that
India can; that, therefore, we should face the world with confidence.
That is the situation in activity after activity. We lament the fact that, while
we are ahead in software, we have lost out to China in IT hardware. That is true
— as of the moment. We shooed away firms like Motorola when they approached us
in the early 1990s for facilities to set up manufacturing operations in India.
China welcomed them, it wooed them, it created every conceivable facility for
hardware firms from Japan, of course, but also from Taiwan, a country at which
400 of its missiles are aimed. It has thereby leapt ahead.
But the game is hardly over. That world-class hardware can be produced in India
is evident. How many of us would have heard of Moser-Baer? Located in
unprepossessing Noida, it is the world's third largest optical media
manufacturer, and the lowest-cost producer of CD-Recorders. Its exports are
close to Rs 1,000 crore. The firm sells data-storage products to seven of the
world's top 10 CD-R producers. And it produces them so efficiently that, to
shield themselves, European competitors had to file an anti-dumping case to
stop and penalise its exports to Europe. Moser-Baer fought on its own. And won.
New Roman'"> A firm most of us have not heard of. A firm that is manufacturing
products at the cutting edge of technology. A firm exporting Rs 1,000 crore of
products that require the utmost precision and technological sophistication. A
firm that European firms fear. And equally important — the very international
fora that our ideologues shout are instruments of exploitation hold against
European firms, and in favour of this Indian firm. There is more. Moser-Baer
has acquired Capco Luxembourg, a firm that owns 49 per cent of a
Netherlands-based CD-R distributor. And it has set up Glyphics Media Inc. in
the United States—for markets in North and South America. And here we are being
made to shiver at the thought that foreign firms are about to swallow us!
Heard of Tandon Electronics? Its exports of electronic hardware are close to Rs
4,000 crore! At a moment's notice, my friends Amit Mitra of FICCI and Tarun Das
of CII send me particulars of firm after firm, in sector after sector, that has
broken new ground.
A sample:
Fifteen of the world's major automobile manufacturers are now obtaining
components from Indian firms. Just last year, exports of auto-components were
$375 million. This year they are close to $1.5 billion. Estimates indicate they
will reach $15 billion within six to seven years.
• Hero Honda is now the largest manufacturer of motorcycles in the world—with an
output of 17 lakh motorcycles a year.
• One lakh Indica cars of the Tatas are to be marketed in Europe by Rover, one
of the United Kingdom's most prestigious auto-manufacturers under its — that
is, Rover's — brand name.
• Bharat Forge has the world's largest single-location forging facility — of 1.2
lakh tonnes per annum. Its client list includes Toyota, Honda, Volvo, Cummins,
Daimler Chrysler. It has been chosen as a supplier of small forging parts for
Toyota's global transmission parts' sourcing hub in Bangalore.
• Asian Paints has production facilities in 22 countries spread across five
continents. It has recently acquired Berger International, which gives it
access to 11 countries, and SCIB Chemical SAE in Egypt. Asian Paints is the
market leader in 11 of the 22 countries in which it is present, including
India.
• Hindustan Inks has the world's largest single stream, fully integrated ink
plant, of 1 lakh tonnes per annum capacity, at Vapi, Gujarat. It has a
manufacturing plant and a 100 per cent subsidiary in the US. It has another 100
per cent subsidiary in Austria.
• For two years running, General Motors has awarded Sundaram Clayton its `Best
Supplier Award'; the volumes it sources out of India are growing every year.
• Ford has presented the `Gold World Excellence Award' to Cooper Tyres.
• Essel Propack is the world's largest laminated tube manufacturer. It has a
manufacturing presence in 11 countries including China, a global manufacturing
share of 25 per cent, and caters to all of P&G;'s laminated tube requirements
in the US, and 40 per cent of Unilever's.
• Aston Martin, one of the world's most expensive car brands, has contracted
prototyping its latest luxury sports car to an India-based designer. This would
be the cheapest car to roll out of Aston Martin's stable.
• Maruti has been the preferred supplier of small cars under the Suzuki brand
for Europe. Suzuki has now decided to make India its manufacturing, export and
research hub outside Japan.
• Hyundai Motors India is about to become the parent Hyundai Motors
Corporation's global small car hub. In 2003, HMC will source 25,000 Santros
from HMI's plant in India. By 2010 HMI is targeted to supply half a million
cars to HMC. It was only in 1999 that HMI got its first outsourcing contract
and already, in 2003, 20 per cent of its sales will be what it supplies as an
outsourcing hub. It is exporting cars to Indonesia, Algeria, Morocco, Columbia,
Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
• Ford India got its first outsourcing contract in 2000. Within 3 years
outsourcing accounts for 35 per cent of its sales. Ford India supplies to
Mexico, Brazil and China. The parent Ford is sourcing close to $40 million
worth of components from India, and plans to increase these in the coming
years. Ford India is already the sole manufacturing and supply base for Ikon
cars and components. These are being exported to Mexico, China and Africa.
• Toyota Kirloskar Motors chose India over competitive destinations like
Philippines and China for setting up a new project to source transmissions as
this option proved more economical.
• Europe's leading tractor maker, Renault, has chosen International Tractors
(ITL) as its sole global sourcing hub for 40 to 85 horsepower tractors.
• Tyco Electronics India bagged its first outsourcing contract in 1998-99. So
successful has it been that components and products others have contracted from
it already account for 50 per cent of its total sales. It supplies to the
parent, Tyco Europe.
• TISCO is today the lowest cost producer of hot-rolled steel in the world.
• TVS Motor Company has been awarded the coveted Deming Prize for Total Quality
Management. Many of the largest of Organisations, even American ones—like
GE—have not managed that recognition yet! India's pharmaceutical industry has
come to be feared as much as its Infotech industry. It is already worth $ 6.5
billion and it has been growing at 8-10 per cent a year. It's the fourth
largest pharmaceutical industry in terms of volumes and 13th in value. Its
exports have crossed $2 billion, and have increased by 30 per cent in the past
five years. India is among the top five manufacturers of bulk drugs. Even more
telling is another figure. We are always being frightened, ``Multinational drug
companies
are about to takeover.'' In 1971 the share of these MNCs in the Indian market
was 75 per cent. Today it's 35 per cent! There's another feature we should bear
in mind: India's strengths are becoming evident across the technology spectrum:
• We are among the three countries in the world that have built supercomputers
on their own, the US and Japan being the other two: two months ago, the fourth
generation PARAM super-computer was inaugurated in Bangalore.
• We are among six countries in the world that launch satellites. We launch some
of our own satellites of course; we have launched satellites for others too,
among them such countries as Germany and Belgium. We have the largest set of
remote sensing satellites. Our INSAT system is also among the world's largest
domestic satellite communication systems.
At the other end:
• India is one of the world's largest diamond cutting and polishing centers.
CLSA estimates nine of every 10 stones sold in the world pass through India.
• Trade of Indian medicinal plants has crossed Rs 4,000 crore. Here is proof
positive that liberalisation has indeed worked.
By opening the economy before giving it a chance to become competitive, we have
thrown our industry to the wolves,'' it used to be said. Quite the contrary.
The success in exports, in fields such as IT in which competition is fierce, in
which technological change is fast as lightning, success in auto-components, in
pharmaceuticals shows that our industry has fought back, it has become
competitive.
Remember all that shouting about Chinese batteries a year ago? ``Markets are
closing down, thousands are being thrown out of their meager businesses, and
factory after factory has shut down.'' That was the shouting just a few months
ago. Where are those batteries from China? Yes, trade with China has grown—by
104% in the past year. But according to figures of the Chinese Government, in
the first five months of 2003, India has amassed a surplus in its trade with
China, a surplus of close to half a billion dollars. And China is just an
instance. Exports as a whole, and in the face of an unrelenting recession in
the West, have grown by 19 per cent in the year. In a word, what committees
upon
committees with their piles of recommendations would not have achieved, being
actually exposed to actual competition has.
Our foreign exchange reserves are at an all-time high—$82 billion. We have
announced that we will not be taking aid from a string of countries.
• We are giving aid to 10 or 11 countries.
• We are pre-paying our debt.
• We have just ``loaned'' $300 million to the IMF! How distant the days when we
used to wait anxiously for the announcement about what the Aid India Club
meeting in Paris had decided to give us.
But there is the other side—equally telling. Why is it that so few among us know
even the elementary facts about these successes? Why is it that so much of
public, specifically political, discourse, when it is not whining is just
wailing?
*****
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